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''Thura'' Shwe Mann ((ビルマ語:သူရ ရွှေမန်း), ; born 11 July 1947) is a Burmese politician who has been Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the lower house of parliament, since 2011.〔Freeman, A. & Roads, J. ("Myanmar’s Speaker of the Lower House Shwe Mann: Economic Reforms Needed Ahead of 2015 Elections" ), ''The Asia Foundation'', June 19, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2015.〕 He is a former general and was considered the third most powerful man in the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), which ruled Myanmar until 2011.〔("Myanmar Votes 2015: A Conversation With Thura Shwe Mann" ), ''CarnegieEndowmentStream'', May 1, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.〕 Whilst being a protégé of senior general Than Shwe.〔Besant, D. ("Shwe Mann: The Right Man for the Job?" ), ''Southeast Asia Globe'', March 5, 2015. Retrieved May 30, 2015.〕〔Head, J. ("Burma Ex-General Shwe Mann Rides Wave of Change" ), ''BBC'', September 27, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2015.〕〔("Thura Shwe Mann" ), ''Mizzima 1998-20013'', Retrieved May 30, 2015.〕 He was elected to Parliament in the 2010 general election. He was later selected as Speaker of the Lower House at the first regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw in 2011. He has been crucial in the newly-found activism of the Lower House vis-à-vis the Upper House and the executive.〔〔Lloyd-George, W. ("The Dicey Democrat" ), ''Foreign Policy'', November 28, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2015.〕 In May 2013, he replaced President Thein Sein as head of the ruling Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP). That same year, he confirmed he would run for president in 2015.〔 Amidst reports of tensions between himself and Thein Sein, he was removed from his post as head of the USDP in August 2015. ==Military career== Shwe Mann graduated from the Defence Services Academy, Intake 11, Pyin Oo Lwin in 1969. He quickly rose through the ranks, and became Major in 1986. He served as a Regiment Commander in Karen State and earned the honorific title ''Thura'' (brave hero) for his military campaign against the Karen National Liberation Army in 1988. The campaign led to the eventual capture of the Karen National Union (KNU)’s headquarters in the Methawaw Area. He served as a tactical operations Commander for Light Infantry Division (LID) 66 based in Prome from 1993 to 1995. His achievements in the Karen state in 1994 meant that he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. He was Commander of the elite LID 11 based in Inn Daing, near Yangon in 1996. In November 1997, he was promoted to the rank of Major General and became a permanent member of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC). That same year, he became Commander of South-west Command in Pathein, Ayeyarwady Division. He concurrently served as the Chairman of the Ayeyarwady Peace and Development Council. In line with the SPDC’s developmental rhetoric, he supported a number of initiatives aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and food security. These included supporting seasonal crop rotation, and converting more than 1 million acres of low, dry and wetlands into cultivated land. This was possible thanks to improvements in water channelisation and river banks. 500,000 acres of intensive and extensive fishery farms were also created. He was promoted to Joint Chief of Staff of the Army, Navy, and Air Force in 2001. That same year, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General. He became Chief of General Staff of the Armed Services in 2003. As a key figure in the SPDC, he seems to have overseen a number of offensives against ethnic insurgents. This claim has been raised specifically in relation to the 2006 offensive against the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA).〔("Shwe Mann “Behind Karen Offensive"" ), ''The Irrawaddy", May 3, 2006. Retrieved May 30, 2015.〕 In September 2010, he retired from the army. Following his retirement, Shwe Mann became a candidate for the newly created Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP). He was selected as a representative for Zay Yar Thiri constituency in the 2010 general election. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shwe Mann」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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